CARNIVOR BEEF PROTEIN BUILDS MUSCLE!

Research Shows Beef Increases Muscle Mass & Strength In a blinded placebo control study, hard training athletes supplementing with Beef Protein Isolate (BPI) like that found in Carnivor gained an average of 4.6 lbs. of muscle mass, while significantly increasing weight lifting strength.+ Researchers gave test subjects BPI daily for 8 weeks while they exercised 5 days weekly. Athletes taking BPI added an impressive 5.7% average increase in lean body mass. In contrast, the placebo group did not significantly improve their lean body mass from baseline. Finally, there were no symptoms of stomach distress with daily BPI supplementation, and no changes in health or blood parameters. The Science Of Beef: A Rich Source of Anabolic Nutrients Beef provides a potent source of protein, with 22 grams of protein coming from just four ounces of lean roast beef. But beef protein is also highly digestible and naturally supplies a rich source of essential amino acids and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) that are important for “triggering” muscle protein synthesis (muscle growth). Beef also supplies unique ergogenic nutrients including creatine. Creatine is a tri-peptide compound used in skeletal muscle to regenerate our muscles chief energy source adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) and super-hydrate muscles. As you may be aware, creatine is possibly the most researched ergogenic aid and has been shown to increase muscle mass, strength, power, endurance, muscle cell swelling and volume. Beef is also high in the amino acid carnitine, which is essential for burning fat. Lastly, new research shows that beef may contain growth factors and immunoglobins that increase anabolic hormones such as GH and IGF-1, thereby supporting muscle growth. Easy on the Stomach and No Cholesterol Beef protein isolate (BPI) allows athletes to get the anabolic benefits of beef protein in a delicious tasting, fast digesting and convenient protein shake – without the excess amounts of fat and cholesterol. It’s also lactose free and gluten-free making it easier on the stomach. Exploring Beef Protein Supplements MuscleMeds Carnivor shakes offer an amazing alternative to athletes looking to benefit from the muscle building power of beef, without the unwanted calories that come from steak, or the allergens that come from milk proteins. Using advanced extraction, clarification, hydrolysis and isolation technologies, Carnivor BPI has greater amino acid concentrations than milk, soy or egg. Carnivor BPI is even 350% more concentrated in anabolic muscle building amino acids than a prime sirloin steak! Better yet, when it comes to purity and potency, Carnivor is unmatched with 23 grams of beef protein, 0 fat, 0 cholesterol, 0 sugar, 0 lactose and 0 gluten per serving. Carnivor is also fortified with a unique Anabolic Nitrogen Retention Technology (ANRT). To elaborate, when you consume amino acids, not all of them are used to support muscle building. A large portion are broken down and degraded, producing byproducts such as ammonia that can impair your exercise performance. ANRT solves this dilemma by literally recycling nitrogen from ammonia back into anabolic amino acids that then can be used to support additional muscle growth! In addition, because CARNIVOR is a BPI, it is also very fast digesting and highly digestible. Essentially, CARNIVOR allows athletes to get the power of beef at the speed of a protein isolate. For athletes seeking to gain weight, MuscleMeds developed Carnivor Mass. This weight gainer boasts 720 calories, 50 grams of rapidly digesting hydrolyzed Beef Protein Isolate, the innovative ANRT technology, creatine and BCAAs. To optimize energy stores, it also has a iSPIKE technology that consists of 125 grams of high impact carbohydrates from micronized waxy maize, maltodextrin and amylase, which can promote superior insulin response compared to eating protein alone. Insulin amplifiers from Chromium, 4-hydroxyleucine and d-initol are also added to improve muscle insulin sensitivity and anabolic signaling. For athletes looking for a research-supported, low allergen, clean and pure protein, Beef Protein Isolate offers a superior protein choice. MuscleMeds Carnivor continues to be the world’s #1 selling beef protein line and offers a variety of delicious flavors. With 0 grams of sugar, fat, cholesterol, lactose and gluten per serving, this offers an amazing alternative to athletes allergic to milk proteins. Dr. Gabriel Wilson has a Ph.D. in Nutritional Sciences and is a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS). He is currently the Sr. Director of R&D and Innovation for MuscleMeds. ++Sharp, et al., 2015 ISSN International Conference [Poster]. Weight and strength gains compared to baseline. Based on 46 grams of protein daily.
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MUSCLE & FITNESS : CARNIVOR PROTEIN IS PERFECT FOR ATHLETES AND GYM RATS!

Carnivor Protein is perfect for athletes and gym rats! HARD TRAINING requires optimal recovery—and that’s exactly why you need a quality protein powder like Carnivor. Developed by Gerard Dente, CEO of MuscleMeds, Carnivor protein is packed with 100% beef protein, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and creatine (2.5 grams). What sets it apart from other proteins, however, isn’t what’s in it—but what’s not. “In the development of Carnivor, my objective was to create a high-quality musclebuilding beef protein without fat, cholesterol, lactose, and other allergens,” Dente explains. While beef protein isn’t a new development, there is a new audience for it—carnivore dieters. As the name implies, followers of this diet eat foods from animals only, with more extreme adherents sticking with mainly red meats. Also known as the zero-carb diet, the carnivore diet calls for consuming only fat and protein. While research on the diet is inconclusive, anecdotal evidence suggests that followers can lose fat quickly and increase strength. Though whey protein is technically carnivore-friendly, it still contains allergens and carbohydrates, making Carnivor the ideal choice. In addition to the standard powder, which has 23 grams of protein, there are two other ways to get your protein fix. The Carnivor 4-ounce shot is a quick solution with 30 grams of protein, and the Carnivor RTD (ready-to-drink) packs 40 grams of the good stuff and is perfect for busy athletes who need to time their protein intake perfectly. “Because Carnivor is so clean and pure, it has an amazingly good taste, and athletes love it,” Dente adds.

CARNIVOR SHRED FEATURED IN MD RESEARCH REPORT

CARNIVOR™ SHRED The Ultimate Muscle Building/Fat Burning Protein Building muscle and burning fat represents the pinnacle of hardcore conditioning. It’s what every bodybuilder strives for, but only some are able to achieve. Top IFBB pros known for their peak condition have their supplementation down to a science and have discovered the dual benefits of CARNIVOR™ SHRED – which uses a revolutionary combination of muscle-building beef protein and the clinically tested grains of paradise and other fat-burning ingredients to get you big and ripped. CARNIVOR™ SHRED is the ultimate fat-burning and muscle-building solution, featuring the incredible muscle-building power of CARNIVOR™ Beef Protein Isolate and powerful shredding agents such as Super 6-Paradol™, green tea, yerba mate and green coffee bean. CARNIVOR™ SHRED harnesses the anabolic powerhouse of beef protein isolate and delivers extreme fat burning in the same one-two punch. World’s #1 Selling Beef Protein Isolate Clinically Proven to Build Muscle! New clinical research shows that CARNIVOR™ Beef Protein Isolate supplementation helps build muscle mass in just eight weeks. Study participants gained an impressive 8 pounds of lean mass.1 And there is absolutely zero fat, cholesterol, sugar, lactose or gluten. 20 Times the Creatine of Steak, Plus Added BCAAs Each serving of CARNIVOR™ Beef Protein Isolate contains an impressive 23 grams of pure beef protein, and 20 times more creatine per serving than steak to help saturate your muscles for explosive strength, growth and cell volume. The formula is packed with added branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) to promote a positive nitrogen balance, increase protein synthesis, decrease catabolic muscle breakdown, improve workout performance and reduce muscular fatigue. And the exclusive Anabolic Nitrogen Retention Technology™ recycles amino acids for increased muscle building, plus minimizes ammonia and toxin buildup for added anabolism. Burn Up to 100 Extra Calories Daily CARNIVOR™ SHRED also helps activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) and boosts your metabolism to get you shredded. Brown fat (brown adipose tissue, BAT) is a metabolically active, calorie-burning tissue in the human body that converts food energy directly into heat. The capability of harnessing one’s own brown fat for fat burning is revolutionary— the more brown fat you have, the more calories you burn. Researchers at Tenshi College in Japan also concluded that oral ingestion of grains of paradise extract increases whole-body energy expenditure through the activation of BAT in humans.3 After ingestion of grains of paradise, energy expenditure in BAT-positive subjects increased within two hours “to a significantly greater (P<0·01) level than that of the BAT-negative group,” researchers found. CARNIVOR™ SHRED also contains the clinically tested ingredient Super 6-Paradol™ to help generate heat, release fatty acids from stored fat and trigger thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. This helps boost metabolism to burn up to 100 extra calories daily— equal to the calories burned while running 1 mile.4 A Paradise of Fat Burning One of the key fat-burning ingredients in CARNIVOR™ SHRED is grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta), a species of the ginger family that has been clinically proven to increase whole-body energy expenditure and decrease visceral fat in humans.2 Researchers at the Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College in Tokyo found that grains of paradise induced changes in visceral fat that were “significantly different” compared to a placebo (p<0.05). The researchers noted than when ingested daily, “Grains of paradise extract may be an effective and safe tool for reducing body fat, mainly by preventing visceral fat accumulation.” CARNIVOR™ SHRED is packed with other potent natural plant extracts and herbs rich in polyphenols, methylxanthines and caffeine that work synergistically to enhance fat burning. These ingredients help reduce hunger, decrease cravings and promote satiety. The powerful energizing and mood enhancing effects of the CARNIVOR™ SHRED matrix take the edge off dieting and help you feel great. References: Sharp, et al., 2015 ISSN International Conference [Poster]. Based on 2 scoops (46 grams protein) daily. Both male and female subjects experienced an increase in lean body mass. Sugita J, Yoneshiro T et al. Daily ingestion of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract increases whole-body energy expenditure and decreases visceral fat in humans.J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2014;60(1):22-7. Sugita J, Yoneshiro T et al. Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract activates brown adipose tissue and increases whole-body energy expenditure in men. Br J Nutr 2013 Aug;110(4):733-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512005715. Epub 2013 Jan 11. Sugita J et al. Based on use of 30 mg. Super 6-Paradol (grains of paradise) daily for women or 40 mg daily for men. One scoop of CARNIVOR SHRED provides 40 mg GOP. Br J Nutr. 1-6 (2013); and Sugita J et al. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 60(1), 22-7 (2014).

CARNIVOR RTD FEATURES IN MD’S HOTTEST SUPPLEMENTS OF 2019

CARNIVOR RTD Featured in MD’sHOTTEST SUPPS of 2019! Beef has always powered athletes and enabled them to reach the heights of physical achievement beyond those of mortal men. In Ancient Greece, men consumed 20 pounds of meat daily to fuel their indomitable strength, power and athletic prowess. Fast-forward to 2019, and beef is still fueling elite athletes such as IFBB pros Victor Martinez, Akim Williams and Nicolas Vullioud. Since today’s athletes live busier lives, they don’t have time to eat an entire bull in one sitting. They know that beef is superior to whey for building muscle, and they get the muscle-building power of pure beef protein in a delicious and convenient shake with CARNIVOR RTD. 40 GRAMS OF MUSCLE-BUILDING POWER CARNIVOR RTD packs 40 grams of super clean, muscle-building beef protein isolate per serving, and is 350% more concentrated in aminos than steak. It’s loaded with amino acids from high-quality beef protein and fortified with branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). No fat, cholesterol, lactose or sugar … and amazing great taste! The Chocolate flavor tastes like a Hershey’s bar and the Strawberry flavor tastes like strawberry Quik. After you try CARNIVORRTD and savor the delicious taste you will exclaim, “Holy cow!” BEEF – THE SUPERIOR PROTEIN ALTERNATIVE TO WHEY Promotes lean muscle. Beef protein isolate was shown in a clinical study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (Sharp et al., 2017) to be as effective as whey protein for promoting lean muscle and strength. Hard-training male and female athletes exercising five days weekly over eight weeks while taking46 grams of beef protein isolate daily gained an average of 4.6 pounds of lean muscle mass— more than double the amount of the placebo control group. Subjects takingbeef protein isolate also increased deadlift strength by 90 pounds and bench press strength by 40 pounds from baseline. Builds lean body mass. New research on protein intake and body composition demonstrates that beef protein provides effects similar to whey protein. Researchersconducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of exercise training combined with beef, whey protein or no protein supplementation on body composition or exercise performance. The researchers concluded in Nutrients (11(6), 1429; Published: 25 June 2019) that beef protein “provides similar effects to whey protein on protein intake and body composition and, compared to no protein, might be an effective intervention to increase total daily protein intake, lean body mass and lower-limb muscle strength.” Superior mTOR Activation. Researchers examined the benefits of whey protein, and found that the muscle-building power of beef was unsurpassed by whey. Consistentwith these results, a muscle cell culture trial demonstrated that beef supports superior mTOR activation relative to whey protein — a key molecular signal that increasesmuscle protein synthesis (Detzel et al. 2015, ISSN Poster). These results powerfully demonstrate that beef is a powerful nutrient that can be used to spur muscle growth and anabolism in athletes. SUPERIOR PURITY AND POTENCY TO WHEY Not all protein supplements are formulated to optimal standards of purity. When you buy a protein supplement, you might think you are getting good, clean protein, but that’s not always the case. Typical whey protein powders are only 70 to 80 percent protein content. The other 20 to 30 percent of whey protein may consist of fats, carbs and sugars as well as significant amounts of cholesterol and lactose— which bodybuilders need like a hole in the head. Beef protein isolate is an astonishing 99 percent protein, so you’re going to get more bang for your buck with beef protein isolate than any type of whey. CARNIVOR: THE WORLD’S #1 SELLING BEEF PROTEINCARNIVOR RTD 40 grams of Beef Protein Isolate 350% More Concentrated In Aminos Than Steak 0 Fat • 0 Cholesterol • 0 Lactose • 0 Sugar Chocolate and Strawberry Flavors  

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CARNIVOR BEEF PROTEIN BUILDS MUSCLE!

Research Shows Beef Increases Muscle Mass & Strength In a blinded placebo control study, hard training athletes supplementing with Beef Protein Isolate (BPI) like that found in Carnivor gained an average of 4.6 lbs. of muscle mass, while significantly increasing weight lifting strength.+ Researchers gave test subjects BPI daily for 8 weeks while they exercised 5 days weekly. Athletes taking BPI added an impressive 5.7% average increase in lean body mass. In contrast, the placebo group did not significantly improve their lean body mass from baseline. Finally, there were no symptoms of stomach distress with daily BPI supplementation, and no changes in health or blood parameters. The Science Of Beef: A Rich Source of Anabolic Nutrients Beef provides a potent source of protein, with 22 grams of protein coming from just four ounces of lean roast beef. But beef protein is also highly digestible and naturally supplies a rich source of essential amino acids and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) that are important for “triggering” muscle protein synthesis (muscle growth). Beef also supplies unique ergogenic nutrients including creatine. Creatine is a tri-peptide compound used in skeletal muscle to regenerate our muscles chief energy source adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) and super-hydrate muscles. As you may be aware, creatine is possibly the most researched ergogenic aid and has been shown to increase muscle mass, strength, power, endurance, muscle cell swelling and volume. Beef is also high in the amino acid carnitine, which is essential for burning fat. Lastly, new research shows that beef may contain growth factors and immunoglobins that increase anabolic hormones such as GH and IGF-1, thereby supporting muscle growth. Easy on the Stomach and No Cholesterol Beef protein isolate (BPI) allows athletes to get the anabolic benefits of beef protein in a delicious tasting, fast digesting and convenient protein shake – without the excess amounts of fat and cholesterol. It’s also lactose free and gluten-free making it easier on the stomach. Exploring Beef Protein Supplements MuscleMeds Carnivor shakes offer an amazing alternative to athletes looking to benefit from the muscle building power of beef, without the unwanted calories that come from steak, or the allergens that come from milk proteins. Using advanced extraction, clarification, hydrolysis and isolation technologies, Carnivor BPI has greater amino acid concentrations than milk, soy or egg. Carnivor BPI is even 350% more concentrated in anabolic muscle building amino acids than a prime sirloin steak! Better yet, when it comes to purity and potency, Carnivor is unmatched with 23 grams of beef protein, 0 fat, 0 cholesterol, 0 sugar, 0 lactose and 0 gluten per serving. Carnivor is also fortified with a unique Anabolic Nitrogen Retention Technology (ANRT). To elaborate, when you consume amino acids, not all of them are used to support muscle building. A large portion are broken down and degraded, producing byproducts such as ammonia that can impair your exercise performance. ANRT solves this dilemma by literally recycling nitrogen from ammonia back into anabolic amino acids that then can be used to support additional muscle growth! In addition, because CARNIVOR is a BPI, it is also very fast digesting and highly digestible. Essentially, CARNIVOR allows athletes to get the power of beef at the speed of a protein isolate. For athletes seeking to gain weight, MuscleMeds developed Carnivor Mass. This weight gainer boasts 720 calories, 50 grams of rapidly digesting hydrolyzed Beef Protein Isolate, the innovative ANRT technology, creatine and BCAAs. To optimize energy stores, it also has a iSPIKE technology that consists of 125 grams of high impact carbohydrates from micronized waxy maize, maltodextrin and amylase, which can promote superior insulin response compared to eating protein alone. Insulin amplifiers from Chromium, 4-hydroxyleucine and d-initol are also added to improve muscle insulin sensitivity and anabolic signaling. For athletes looking for a research-supported, low allergen, clean and pure protein, Beef Protein Isolate offers a superior protein choice. MuscleMeds Carnivor continues to be the world’s #1 selling beef protein line and offers a variety of delicious flavors. With 0 grams of sugar, fat, cholesterol, lactose and gluten per serving, this offers an amazing alternative to athletes allergic to milk proteins. Dr. Gabriel Wilson has a Ph.D. in Nutritional Sciences and is a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS). He is currently the Sr. Director of R&D and Innovation for MuscleMeds. ++Sharp, et al., 2015 ISSN International Conference [Poster]. Weight and strength gains compared to baseline. Based on 46 grams of protein daily.
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MUSCLE & FITNESS : CARNIVOR PROTEIN IS PERFECT FOR ATHLETES AND GYM RATS!

Carnivor Protein is perfect for athletes and gym rats! HARD TRAINING requires optimal recovery—and that’s exactly why you need a quality protein powder like Carnivor. Developed by Gerard Dente, CEO of MuscleMeds, Carnivor protein is packed with 100% beef protein, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and creatine (2.5 grams). What sets it apart from other proteins, however, isn’t what’s in it—but what’s not. “In the development of Carnivor, my objective was to create a high-quality musclebuilding beef protein without fat, cholesterol, lactose, and other allergens,” Dente explains. While beef protein isn’t a new development, there is a new audience for it—carnivore dieters. As the name implies, followers of this diet eat foods from animals only, with more extreme adherents sticking with mainly red meats. Also known as the zero-carb diet, the carnivore diet calls for consuming only fat and protein. While research on the diet is inconclusive, anecdotal evidence suggests that followers can lose fat quickly and increase strength. Though whey protein is technically carnivore-friendly, it still contains allergens and carbohydrates, making Carnivor the ideal choice. In addition to the standard powder, which has 23 grams of protein, there are two other ways to get your protein fix. The Carnivor 4-ounce shot is a quick solution with 30 grams of protein, and the Carnivor RTD (ready-to-drink) packs 40 grams of the good stuff and is perfect for busy athletes who need to time their protein intake perfectly. “Because Carnivor is so clean and pure, it has an amazingly good taste, and athletes love it,” Dente adds.

CARNIVOR SHRED FEATURED IN MD RESEARCH REPORT

CARNIVOR™ SHRED The Ultimate Muscle Building/Fat Burning Protein Building muscle and burning fat represents the pinnacle of hardcore conditioning. It’s what every bodybuilder strives for, but only some are able to achieve. Top IFBB pros known for their peak condition have their supplementation down to a science and have discovered the dual benefits of CARNIVOR™ SHRED – which uses a revolutionary combination of muscle-building beef protein and the clinically tested grains of paradise and other fat-burning ingredients to get you big and ripped. CARNIVOR™ SHRED is the ultimate fat-burning and muscle-building solution, featuring the incredible muscle-building power of CARNIVOR™ Beef Protein Isolate and powerful shredding agents such as Super 6-Paradol™, green tea, yerba mate and green coffee bean. CARNIVOR™ SHRED harnesses the anabolic powerhouse of beef protein isolate and delivers extreme fat burning in the same one-two punch. World’s #1 Selling Beef Protein Isolate Clinically Proven to Build Muscle! New clinical research shows that CARNIVOR™ Beef Protein Isolate supplementation helps build muscle mass in just eight weeks. Study participants gained an impressive 8 pounds of lean mass.1 And there is absolutely zero fat, cholesterol, sugar, lactose or gluten. 20 Times the Creatine of Steak, Plus Added BCAAs Each serving of CARNIVOR™ Beef Protein Isolate contains an impressive 23 grams of pure beef protein, and 20 times more creatine per serving than steak to help saturate your muscles for explosive strength, growth and cell volume. The formula is packed with added branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) to promote a positive nitrogen balance, increase protein synthesis, decrease catabolic muscle breakdown, improve workout performance and reduce muscular fatigue. And the exclusive Anabolic Nitrogen Retention Technology™ recycles amino acids for increased muscle building, plus minimizes ammonia and toxin buildup for added anabolism. Burn Up to 100 Extra Calories Daily CARNIVOR™ SHRED also helps activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) and boosts your metabolism to get you shredded. Brown fat (brown adipose tissue, BAT) is a metabolically active, calorie-burning tissue in the human body that converts food energy directly into heat. The capability of harnessing one’s own brown fat for fat burning is revolutionary— the more brown fat you have, the more calories you burn. Researchers at Tenshi College in Japan also concluded that oral ingestion of grains of paradise extract increases whole-body energy expenditure through the activation of BAT in humans.3 After ingestion of grains of paradise, energy expenditure in BAT-positive subjects increased within two hours “to a significantly greater (P<0·01) level than that of the BAT-negative group,” researchers found. CARNIVOR™ SHRED also contains the clinically tested ingredient Super 6-Paradol™ to help generate heat, release fatty acids from stored fat and trigger thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. This helps boost metabolism to burn up to 100 extra calories daily— equal to the calories burned while running 1 mile.4 A Paradise of Fat Burning One of the key fat-burning ingredients in CARNIVOR™ SHRED is grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta), a species of the ginger family that has been clinically proven to increase whole-body energy expenditure and decrease visceral fat in humans.2 Researchers at the Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College in Tokyo found that grains of paradise induced changes in visceral fat that were “significantly different” compared to a placebo (p<0.05). The researchers noted than when ingested daily, “Grains of paradise extract may be an effective and safe tool for reducing body fat, mainly by preventing visceral fat accumulation.” CARNIVOR™ SHRED is packed with other potent natural plant extracts and herbs rich in polyphenols, methylxanthines and caffeine that work synergistically to enhance fat burning. These ingredients help reduce hunger, decrease cravings and promote satiety. The powerful energizing and mood enhancing effects of the CARNIVOR™ SHRED matrix take the edge off dieting and help you feel great. References: Sharp, et al., 2015 ISSN International Conference [Poster]. Based on 2 scoops (46 grams protein) daily. Both male and female subjects experienced an increase in lean body mass. Sugita J, Yoneshiro T et al. Daily ingestion of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract increases whole-body energy expenditure and decreases visceral fat in humans.J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2014;60(1):22-7. Sugita J, Yoneshiro T et al. Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract activates brown adipose tissue and increases whole-body energy expenditure in men. Br J Nutr 2013 Aug;110(4):733-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512005715. Epub 2013 Jan 11. Sugita J et al. Based on use of 30 mg. Super 6-Paradol (grains of paradise) daily for women or 40 mg daily for men. One scoop of CARNIVOR SHRED provides 40 mg GOP. Br J Nutr. 1-6 (2013); and Sugita J et al. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 60(1), 22-7 (2014).